Spatial clustering of willingness to pay for ecosystem services

Variations of willingness to pay (WTP) in geographical space have been characterised by the presence localised patches higher and lower values. However, date, spatial valuation studies not explored whether distribution hot (cold) spots WTP is particular each environmental good or if it follows similar patterns other, comparable, goods. We address this question contrasting clusters for improvements several ecosystem services. geocoded individual-specific estimates derived from a discrete choice experiment exploring preferences service three different catchment areas Scotland comprising urban, agricultural, riverine estuarine ecosystems. The local Moran's I statistic was used find statistically significant identify cold spots. Finally, Multi-type Ripley's K L functions were contrast among services, across case studies. Our results show that hotspots tend occur close other space, regardless area under consideration. findings suggest households sort themselves according their